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Docker Engine 安装文档（Ubuntu）

适用：Ubuntu 20.04 / 22.04 / 24.04 要求：普通用户 + sudo 权限

1. 移除旧版本（可选）​

sudo apt-get remove -y docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc || true

2. 安装依赖​

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg

3. 添加 Docker 官方 GPG Key​

sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
    | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

4. 添加官方软件源​

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
  https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

5. 安装 Docker Engine​

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

6. 将当前用户加入 docker 组（推荐）​

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

需要重新登录或重新打开终端，group 权限才会生效。

7. 验证安装​

docker run hello-world

看到以下提示即安装成功：

Hello from Docker!

完整脚本​

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

# =====================================
# Docker Install & Config Script for Ubuntu 20.04
# Supports: sudo user usage & domestic mirror
# =====================================

USER_NAME=${SUDO_USER:-$(whoami)}

echo "[INFO] Installing prerequisites..."
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release \
    software-properties-common

echo "[INFO] Adding Docker official GPG key..."
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

echo "[INFO] Setting up Docker repository..."
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

echo "[INFO] Installing Docker..."
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

echo "[INFO] Adding user '$USER_NAME' to docker group..."
sudo usermod -aG docker "$USER_NAME"

echo "[INFO] Configuring Docker daemon for domestic mirror..."
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json > /dev/null <<'EOF'
{
  "dns": ["8.8.8.8", "1.1.1.1"],
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.m.daocloud.io"]
}
EOF

echo "[INFO] Restarting Docker daemon..."
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

echo "[INFO] Done! Log out and log back in for group changes to take effect."
echo "You can test with: docker run --rm hello-world"
docker exec -it node2 bash
apt update && apt install -y openssh-server sudo
mkdir /var/run/sshd
echo 'root:root' | chpasswd
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
service ssh start
docker inspect -f '{{range.NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' node1