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教程:使用注册表基线安装特定版本的 Boost 库

kmpkg 将 Boost 库集拆分为独立的包提供给用户,方便仅依赖 Boost 有限子集的用户使用。但这种方式存在一个弊端:若用户希望锁定 Boost 依赖的特定版本,就需要为每个所依赖的 Boost 包单独覆盖版本。

不过,借助注册表基线和包匹配模式,我们可以轻松解决这个问题。

前提条件

  • 终端
  • C++ 编译器
  • kmpkg

问题背景

假设你的项目依赖 boost-optional,且希望将 Boost 库版本锁定为 1.80.0。于是你按如下方式为依赖项添加版本覆盖:

kmpkg.json

{
"dependencies": [ "boost-optional" ],
"overrides": [
{ "name": "boost-optional", "version": "1.80.0" }
]
}

kmpkg-configuration.json

{
"default-registry": {
"kind": "git",
"repository": "https://github.com/kumose/kmpkg",
"baseline": "3265c187c74914aa5569b75355badebfdbab7987"
}
}

运行 kmpkg install 后你会发现,只有 boost-optional 的版本被锁定为 1.80.0,而其他 Boost 依赖项仍使用基线版本(1.83.0)。

Fetching registry information from https://github.com/kumose/kmpkg (HEAD)...
Detecting compiler hash for triplet x64-linux...
The following packages will be built and installed:
* boost-assert:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-config:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-core:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-detail:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-io:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-move:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
boost-optional:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-predef:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-preprocessor:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-static-assert:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-throw-exception:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-type-traits:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-uninstall:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-utility:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
* boost-kmpkg-helpers:x64-linux -> 1.83.0
Additional packages (*) will be modified to complete this operation.

1 - 获取 Boost 版本对应的基线

运行以下命令,查看修改 boost-optional 包版本数据库的提交历史:

git log "--format=%H %cd %s" --date=short --left-only -- versions/b-/boost-optional.json

你会看到类似如下的输出:

caa7579a1c48e2ca770f6ccf98cb03db95642631 2023-09-13 [boost] update to v1.83.0 (#33597)
5d3798ac7388ca66c169773e46103b14077b76a4 2023-06-06 [boost] Remove port version constraints (#31572)
501db0f17ef6df184fcdbfbe0f87cde2313b6ab1 2023-04-15 [boost-build] Fix SHA512 and add MSVC workaround. (#30884)
bedfdb774cfbe47da202169046ca15441a213f3e 2023-04-15 [Boost] Update Boost ports to 1.82#0 (#30856)
9484a57dd560b89f0a583be08af6753611c57fd5 2023-02-24 Update kmpkg-tool to 2023-02-16. (#29664)
6aa38234d08efefc55b70025cf6afc2212e78e15 2023-02-01 [boost] Fix generate ports to match the tree. (#29338)
6d41737729b170cb7d323a4fddd21607c9237636 2022-12-20 [boost] update to 1.81.0 (#28356)
5ba2b95aea2a39aa89444949c7a047af38c401c1 2022-10-18 [boost] Add version constraints (#26817)
8424da584e59e05956913bf96f87654aa3096c7e 2022-08-25 [boost] update to 1.80.0 (#26233)
96ec7fb25da25e0463446e552d59715a47c95e73 2022-04-21 [boost] update to 1.79.0 (#24210)
76d4836f3b1e027758044fdbdde91256b0f0955d 2022-01-10 [boost] update to 1.78.0 (#21928)
cc471dc0f59b7b2066d6172c2893419412327a7a 2021-09-27 [boost] update to 1.77.0 (#19556)
761c81d43335a5d5ccc2ec8ad90bd7e2cbba734e 2021-07-07 [boost] update to 1.76.0 (#17335)
68a74950d0400f5a803026d0860f49853984bf11 2021-01-21 [kmpkg] Rename `port_versions` to `versions` (#15784)

可以看到,对应 1.80.0 版本的提交记录已列出。下一步中,你将把该提交用作所有 Boost 包的基线。

2 - 使用基线覆盖所有 Boost 包

无需为所有相关 Boost 依赖项添加覆盖项,你可以通过注册表基线来锁定整个版本集。按如下方式修改 kmpkg-configuration.json 文件:

kmpkg-configuration.json

{
"default-registry": {
"kind": "git",
"repository": "https://github.com/kumose/kmpkg",
"baseline": "3265c187c74914aa5569b75355badebfdbab7987"
},
"registries": [
{
"kind": "git",
"repository": "https://github.com/kumose/kmpkg",
"baseline": "8424da584e59e05956913bf96f87654aa3096c7e",
"packages": [ "boost*", "boost-*"]
}
]
}

该配置文件包含两个注册表定义:default-registry 指向 kmpkg 官方维护的注册表(https://github.com/kumose/kmpkg),使用本文撰写时的最新提交;第二个注册表同样指向该官方注册表,但使用更早的基线,且仅匹配 boost*boost-* 模式的包。

运行 kmpkg install 命令后,你会发现此次所有 Boost 库均使用 1.80.0 版本。

Fetching registry information from https://github.com/kumose/kmpkg (HEAD)...
Detecting compiler hash for triplet x64-linux...
The following packages will be built and installed:
* boost-assert:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-config:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-core:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-detail:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-io:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-move:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
boost-optional:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-predef:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-preprocessor:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-static-assert:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-throw-exception:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-type-traits:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-uninstall:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-utility:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-kmpkg-helpers:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
* boost-winapi:x64-linux -> 1.80.0
Additional packages (*) will be modified to complete this operation.

此方法也适用于 qt 等其他元包。

后续步骤

你可尝试完成以下后续操作: